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Woods are hollow-bodied, large-headed golf clubs with shaft lengths generally ranging from 40 to 46 inches. These clubs are designed to hit the ball long distances.
Today's woods are actually made of steel or titanium, not wood, because of the many advantages this gives manufacturers in the design and production of clubs. Two big advances the use of metal affords involve perimeter weighting, which creates a large sweet spot and a low center of gravity, which increases launch height and reduces miss-hits. The result? Better clubs that offer improved performance for players at every level.
Golf clubs are graded by loft (the measure of the angle between the club face and the vertical plane), length of shaft, and weight of head. Clubs are numbered according to these grades: the lower the number, the lower the loft and the longer the shaft. Of all the clubs most players carry in their bag, the Driver (1 wood) is the longest, most powerful club, and it has the lowest loft.
While most professional golfers use drivers with lofts in the area of 8 to 10 degrees, recreational players are better served by using drivers with greater loft.
In addition to the 1 wood, most golfers also carry a 3 wood and a 5 wood. A 3 wood is about 1/2" shorter than a driver and has less loft. A 5 wood is about 1/2" shorter than a 3 wood and has still less loft. These clubs are more forgiving and less powerful than a driver.
In case you're wondering what happened to the even-numbered clubs, 2 wood and 4 wood clubs do exist but given the fact that players are limited to 14 clubs, these woods have fallen out of favor.